Figure 2. Confidence ellipses for wing landmarks of male and female Drosophila melanogaster from strain Canton S. All of the aligned data contributing to Fig. 2 was averaged; then data were sorted into male and female and a sex specific alignment and average of the landmark traits was carried out about the prior strain average. The resultant average landmark locations of males and females are plotted with a surrounding 95% confidence interval (CI) ellipse for the raw landmarks. The CIs assume a normal distribution of the landmarks about their mean which is not always strictly observed or tested.